The circumpolar habitat and its peoples: traditional lifestyle and early research findings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The circumpolar habitat Boundaries The circumpolar region is defined by climate and culture, rather than by a specific latitude such as the Arctic circle. Geographic and climatic markers include the tree line, the zone of perennially frozen ground that even in summer only thaws superficially (the permafrost), and the mean July isotherm of 10°C (Bone, 1992; Burch, 1986; Damas, 1984; Kimble & Good, 1954; Péwé, 1966; Wenzel, 1991). These various boundaries have shifted markedly over the past 10–20 millenia (Lamb, 1965). During the last Pleistocene period of glaciation, ice covered much of North America, Europe and Asia. The cultural criterion of the circumpolar habitat, at least in North America, has traditionally been the region exploited by a people that early investigators, ourselves included, sometimes termed Eskimos (Damas, 1984). ‘Inuk’ (‘Inuuk,’ two, three or more ‘Inuit’) is the descriptor currently preferred, at least by the Canadian segment of this population. Also, some Amerindian groups can be found living within the geographic boundaries of the circumpolar region even in North America. Climate Throughout the circumpolar territories, the temperature remains below freezing for much of the year, and in some of the colder settlements of the eastern Canadian arctic mean daily air temperatures as low as −50 to −60 °C are recorded during the winter months. The average windspeed is about 5m/s (18km/h), but windspeeds of 10m/s (36km/h) and higher are encountered on some days, and then the windchill is particularly severe (Landsberg, 1970). In contrast, the 24 hour sunshine of late June and early July can occasionally bring mean daily temperatures as high as 25°C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".