A 2.89 μW Dry-Electrode Enabled Clockless Wireless ECG SoC for Wearable Applications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a fully integrated wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) SoC implemented in asynchronous architecture, which does not require system clock as well as off-chip antenna. Several low power techniques are proposed to minimize power consumption. At the system level, a newly introduced event-driven system architecture facilitates the asynchronous implementation, thus removes the system clock leading to a true ECG-on-chip solution. A DC-coupled analog front-end is introduced together with a baseline stabilizer to boost the input impedance to 3.6 GQ and mitigate the electrode offset, which is less sensitive to motion artefact and contact impedance imbalance, making it well suited for dry-electrode based applications. Level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) is employed to take the advantage of burst nature of ECG signal leading to at least 5 times reduction in sampling points compared to Nyquist sampling. A digitally implemented impulse-radio ultra-wideband transmitter is seamlessly integrated with LC-ADC and an on-chip antenna for wireless communications. Implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS technology, the ECG-on-chip consumes 2.89 μW under 1.2 V supply while transmitting the raw ECG data, which attains one order of magnitude lower than the current state-of-the-art designs. The fully integrated ECG SoC requires no external clocks and off-chip antenna, making it a good candidate for low cost and disposable wireless ECG patches, such as epidermal electronics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it