Taxonomic decision as a compromise: Acasis appensata (Eversmann, 1832) in Central Italy—a case of conflicting evidence between DNA barcode and morphology (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acasis appensata (Eversmann, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), distributed from central and northern Europe to eastern Asia, was collected in the Mediterranean (Central Italy, Abruzzi) for the first time. Adults from this region differ significantly from nominotypical populations in external appearance and in the 5’ barcode fragment of the CO1 gene (barcode). However, morphology of male and female genitalia falls completely within the range of variation of A. appensata, resulting in conflicting evidence with respect to its taxonomic status. Considering the striking differences in genitalia morphology between the two European species of Acasis, viz. A. appensata and A. viretata (Hübner, 1799), the population from the Abruzzi is not validated as different at species level but described as the subspecies A. appensata callaina ssp. nov. The habitus and male and female genitalia of European taxa are figured.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".