Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ubiquitin, the founding member of the ubiquitin protein family as well as the enzymology and relevance of its conjugation to substrate proteins for cell biology were discovered in the late 1970s and the 1980s. In recognition of this ground-breaking work, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Alexander Varshavsky were distinguished with the Lasker basic medical research award in 2000, and Ciechanover, Hershko and Irvin Rose with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004. It has become clear from many studies that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is not only involved in cellular protein quality control, but also in the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes/pathways as well as in their disease-relevant aberrations. The identifi cation of protein modifi cation by the ISG15 protein by Arthur Haas and colleagues marked the discovery of the fi rst ubiquitin-related modifi er in 1992. Since then, a number of protein modifi ers that are structurally or functionally related to ubiquitin, including SUMO, NEDD8, and FAT10 have been identifi ed in eukaryotic cells. All of these proteins, in one way or another, have been linked to the UPS. More recently, the prokaryotic Pup protein has been identifi ed as a protein that, similar to ubiquitin, targets proteins for degradation by the proteasome in mycobacteria expanding the fascinating process of protein-protein modifi cation to the prokaryotic world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".