Value of urine Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein level for diagnosing dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) level in urine for diagnosing dementia. Methods Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were applied to evaluate cognitive function of all subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression changes of urine AD7c-NTP. Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate the correlation of urine AD7c-NTP with MMSE and MoCA scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rate of AD7c-NTP on diagnosing dementia. Results There were 57 cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 30 cases with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 37 cases with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 32 cases with vascular dementia (VaD) and 20 normal controls. There was statistically significant difference of urine AD7c-NTP levels among different groups (P = 0.000). The levels of urine AD7c-NTP in AD group, aMCI group and FTD group were significantly higher than that of control group (P = 0.000, 0.029, 0.005). The level of urine AD7c-NTP in moderate to severe AD group was higher than that of mild AD group, but there was no significant difference (P = 0.359). The level of urine AD7c-NTP was negatively related with MoCA score in mild AD group (rs = -0.506, P = 0.016), and there was no significant correlation of urine AD7c-NTP with MMSE and MoCA scores in moderate to severe AD group (P > 0.05, for all). In ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.732-0.945, P = 0.000), with 70.20% sensitivity and 90% specificity, and the critical value for diagnosing AD was 2.32 ng/ml of urine AD7c-NTP. There were 70.18% (40/57) of AD patients, 63.33% (19/30) of aMCI patients and 45.95% (17/37) of FTD patients had abnormal levels of urine AD7c-NTP (> 2.32 ng/ml). Conclusions AD7c-NTP level in urine has important clinical value in early diagnosis and condition assessment of patients with dementia. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.08.009
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".