Kinetic Analysis of the Inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub> Oxidation by H<sub>2</sub>O on PdO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CeO<sub>2</sub>/PdO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Addition of CeO 2 to a PdO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, assessed for the oxidation of CH 4 in the presence of 5% H 2 O at various temperatures, reduces the inhibition effects of H 2 O. A simplified kinetic analysis that assumes Langmuir adsorption of H 2 O on the catalyst active sites is used to model both the dynamic response and the steady-state CH 4 conversion following H 2 O addition to the feed gas and to quantify the effect of CeO 2 addition. The analysis shows that less H 2 O is adsorbed on the 2.9Ce/6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 than the 6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst and that the rate of H 2 O desorption is higher on the Ce-promoted catalyst. Both factors result in reduced inhibition of CH 4 conversion by H 2 O on the 2.9Ce/6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst compared to the 6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The apparent activation energy for CH 4 oxidation over the 2.9Ce/6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst (61 ± 11 kJ mol –1 ) is shown to be statistically the same over the 6.5Pd/Al 2 O 3 (56 ± 9 kJ mol –1 ). Catalyst characterization data show minimal changes in catalyst properties after reaction, and removal of H 2 O from the reactant feed gas results in partial recovery of the catalyst activity. The data are consistent with H 2 O adsorption on the catalyst/support that may also inhibit O exchange with Pd-*/PdO site pair (Pd-* is an O-vacancy), the effect of which is reversible.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it