Tall Fescue as Turf in the United States
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] a coarse-textured, perennial bunchgrass, is one of six species of fescue commonly used as turfgrass throughout much of the conterminous United States. Origin of the development of turf-type cultivars can be traced to plants in a germplasm collection begun in 1962 at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Breeding efforts have resulted in cultivars with improved seedling vigor, drought tolerance, disease and insect resistance, color, texture, density, and uniformity. The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) coordinates uniform evaluation trials of cultivars and promising selections in the United States and Canada. The species can be identified according to characteristics of several vegetative plant parts, including auricles, collar, ligule and leaf blade, sheath, and tip. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) molecular markers are being used to distinguish cultivars. Late-summer or early-fall planting is usually recommended when establishing tall fescue turf from seed. Pesticides may be necessary to control weeds, insects, or diseases, as needed at planting and during subsequent years for maintenance. The application of lime is usually recommended if the soil pH is <6.0. In addition to routine fertilization, irrigation, and mowing, tall fescue turf may require cultivation, dethatching, topdressing, and rolling. Seed production fields of turf-type tall fescues are located primarily in Idaho, Missouri, Oregon, and Washington. Tall fescue sod is harvested as small or rolled blocks or large rolls and is usually installed throughout winter, as long as the soil is not frozen. Innovative tall fescue cultivars will continue to be introduced using conventional breeding practices, protective endophytes, and perhaps transgenic biotechnology.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it