Exhaustion of trade mark rights and parallel imports in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that the classic doctrine developed at an international level to solve the issue of parallel imports of trade-marked goods is the doctrine of exhaustion of trade mark rights. 1 When the legislation of a country contains a provision on trade mark exhaustion, the conditions for exhaustion are usually quite clear. Among those conditions, the place where the goods imported in parallel have been put on the market by the trade mark proprietor or with his/her consent for the first time is particularly important. Indeed, on the basis of that condition, there are three types of exhaustion doctrine at an international level: national, 2 regional 3 or international 4 exhaustion of trade mark rights. However, if no provision on trade mark exhaustion is included in the legislation, the exhaustion regime recognized by a country can be defined only through its courts’ case law. Canada is one of the countries where there is no legislative provision on trade mark exhaustion. 5 The aim of this article is to examine Canadian case law on parallel imports of trade-marked goods in order to define the regime of exhaustion of trade mark rights envisaged in this country.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it