Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As k 1 factors [Eq. (2.8)] fall below 0.8, a number of effects become observable that are not seen when k 1 is larger. Processes with small values of k 1 began to appear in the mid-1990s, and are quite common today, as seen from Table 8.1. Some of the effects seen in patterns generated with low-k 1 processes are discussed in this chapter. Several techniques also describedâsuch as off-axis illumination and phase-shifting masksâhave been developed to address the shortcomings of optical imaging as feature sizes become smaller than the wavelength of light. Methods to improve image contrast that involve modification of the mask or illumination are referred to collectively as resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) and are discussed in this chapter. 8.1 Off-axis illumination As discussed earlier, light (coherent) that illuminates a grating is diffracted in very specific directions [Eq. (2.1)]. For normally incident light, sufficiently small dimensions result in situations where all beams except the zero-order are diffracted outside the entrance pupil of the imaging optics (Fig. 8.1). In this case, no pattern is formed, because a single beam is a plane wave, containing no spatial information, as explained in Chapter 2. For normally incident (âon-axisâ) illumination, the grating is not imaged when the pitch is too small, because only a single beam, the zero-order beam, is transmitted through the lens. This illustrates the limitation to resolution imposed by diffraction.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it