Analysis Of The Upper Extremity Muscle Response During An Acute Bout Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Isometric handgrip (IHG) training lowers blood pressure in several populations and is accepted by the American Heart Association as an alternate blood pressure lowering treatment. However, high costs associated with traditional computerized IHG devices may create an economic barrier for some people. PURPOSE: As a preliminary step in investigating less expensive options, the purpose of this study was to determine whether an inexpensive mechanical IHG device elicits similar upper extremity muscle response via electromyography (EMG) to the traditional computerized IHG device. METHODS: Normotensive individuals (n = 8; age = 25.8 (6.0) y) recruited from the general population performed a standard IHG bout (4, 2 minute isometric contractions at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) separated by a 4 minute recovery time between contractions) using the computerized and mechanical IHG device. Each bout occurred in random order, and was separated by 30 min of seated rest. Raw surface EMG data were collected at 20-500 Hz (full wave rectified, low pass filtered using a cutoff frequency of 2 Hz) during each bout in the brachioradialis (BR), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB). Raw EMG linear envelopes were normalized to the peak activity of MVC trials and averaged over time intervals (22 sec) representing 5 epochs during each bout. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and presented as means (SD). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the devices for the BB, TB and ECU (p > 0.05). Greater EMG activity was observed in the BR [218 (161) %MVC computerized versus 135 (96) %MVC mechanical; p<0.05] and FCU [529 (328) %MVC computerized versus 165 (130) %MVC mechanical; p<0.05] when IHG was performed with the computerized IHG device than when using the mechanical IHG device. CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest that muscle activation is similar in some, but not all, muscles of the upper limb when IHG exercise is performed on a computerized versus mechanical device. More research is needed to determine whether differences in muscle activation using a mechanical device elicit similar blood pressure lowering benefits as observed in traditional isometric handgrip exercise using a computerized IHG device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".