Solids-Stabilized Emulsions: A Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An emulsion is a system of dispersed droplets of one immiscible liquid in another. Simple emulsions are either oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o). Emulsions can be defined as colloidal systems, although emulsion droplets are usually larger than the range specified for a colloidal system, i.e. diameter > 1 μm. Emulsions are encountered in many industries and scientific disciplines. Multidisciplinary study is required for a better understanding of emulsion behaviour and better control over industrial emulsions. In this review, solids-stabilized emulsions are reviewed and they are defined as an emulsion that is stabilized by fine solid particles. Some finely divided solids assist in the emulsion formation, and/or improve its stability. These types of emulsions have widespread applications in industrial settings and have a history of being studied, dating back to 1903.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".