Development of a force–resultant model for spudcan footings on loose sand under combined loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spudcans are typical foundations used in shallow to moderate-depth water oil and gas fields to support jack-up drilling units. Understanding the behaviour of spudcans under combined loadings is crucial to the overall response of the jack-up structure. This paper presents the development of a strain-hardening plasticity model for a spudcan footing on loose sand. Most of the model components are developed from direct centrifuge observations. The centrifuge tests were performed at an acceleration of 100 times that of the Earth’s gravity on a model spudcan footing subjected to combined vertical, horizontal, and moment loads. All the experiments have been designed and conducted to allow the results to be interpreted with a strain-hardening plasticity framework. Combined loads were applied by using a novel apparatus, which enables independent vertical, horizontal, and rotational movements of the footing. Test results also revealed the existence of a three dimensional sliding surface that intersects with the conventional yield surface. This additional surface has been defined analytically. Retrospective simulation of the experimental data using the plasticity model confirms the model’s capability for use in predicting the behaviour of larger spudcan applications offshore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".