Wartime Cooperation: The Early Cases of Nuclear Sharing
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The earliest instances of nuclear sharing were among Allied and Axis peer states during the Second World War. They consisted of non-nuclear states passing on early details of the possibility of nuclear weapons. France’s scientific community was the most advanced in comprehensive nuclear research, and as early as the spring of 1939 had considered testing a nuclear device in North Africa.1 Immediately prior to the German invasion of France in 1940, French nuclear technical knowledge was passed on to the British. Five French nuclear scientists, including Bertrand Goldschmidt, fled to the UK, and continued to do nuclear research there and in Canada, ancillary to but outside of the Manhattan Project.2 They had evacuated to the UK nuclear research equipment and 185 kg of heavy water from the laboratory of Frederic Joliot-Curie before the Germans could complete their May, 1940 invasion.3 The French government had also managed to hide a significant quantity of uranium in Morocco beyond the reach of the Germans, British or US, for use after the war.4
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it