Multimodal Freight Distribution & Economic Development due to International Capacity Expansion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines how international expansion may redistribute trade volumes across the intermodal system, including ports, waterways, railroads, and highways within the US Midwest and Southeast regions. The research includes a capacity analysis of existing transportation infrastructures to identify the possibility of capacity expansion. It also conducts economic development analysis to quantify the anticipated economic growth due to the increased freight movement in the potential sites. While developing the scenario based distribution model, this research focuses on the top six Asian countries that contribute 62 percent of current container imports. It also focuses on the top ten US ports, three more ports in the US that are critical to the study regions (Midwest and Southeast), and one Canadian port which is also critical to the Midwest and Southeast. Overall, there appears to be only minor economic impact on the Southeast and port states from the Panama Canal and the Port of Prince Rupert expansions. However, the Chicago-North area and other interior states experience significant impacts from the Panama Canal and the Port of Prince Rupert expansions under all three scenarios. This research provides decision makers with the information necessary to identify bottlenecks in the transportation network due to international capacity expansion and to identify/invest in targeted multimodal system improvements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".