Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is axiomatic that climate change is affecting the Arctic more than any other region. Arctic sea ice continues to decrease. The summer of 2010 had the third-smallest extent of polar ice on record, and the 2010 ice volume was the lowest on record. One study suggests that the water flowing from the North Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean is warmer today than at any time during the past 2,000 years. The polar ice sheet is melting. In August 2010, a giant mass of solid ice broke away from the Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland – the largest calving from an ice shelf since 1962. Although the cause of the Petermann calving is uncertain, the Arctic Five (A5) – Russia, Canada, the United States, Norway, and Denmark (Greenland) – are bracing for continuous warming and corresponding geophysical changes in the Arctic. Circumpolar melting ice foreshadows the prospect of associated political-military change. Will a confluence of political rivalries and a changing climate upend the strategic environment just as melting ice transforms the ocean geography? This is not the first time that climate change has had the potential to cause dramatic political effects. The Little Ice Age that lasted from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century was marked by a period of worldwide cooling. The seventeenth century, in particular, faced upheaval and adversity on a monumental scale. The planet cooled in the Little Ice Age following the medieval warm period, freezing Chesapeake Bay and chilling Alexandria, Egypt; rice crops in Japan and wheat in Portugal were killed by the cold. Climate change caused widespread famine, which descended into anarchy, triggering riots, warfare, and chaos throughout much of the world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".