Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early in 1904 Henry Ford received a visitor from Canada and a proposal that burst in the area of foreign trade like an explosion. Gordon M. McGregor, a thirty-one year old businessman from Walkerville, Ontario, half an hour's travel across the Detroit River from the Ford company's plant, placed before him a plan to organize a company for the manufacture of the Model A in the Dominion. For several years McGregor had managed a wagon works and, like the Studebaker brothers and the founders of the Oakland and Pontiac firms in the United States, had become convinced that he should shift from the carriage trade to the production of automobiles. His father, William McGregor, formerly a member of the Canadian Parliament, had done well enough as half owner of the Walkerville Wagon Company; but Gordon, who had taken over as manager not long before his father's death, had found competition devastating. In a year his 102 employees (March 1903) had melted to 28. He concluded that he was in the wrong business. He had noted that in Detroit several motor car firms (Olds, Cadillac, Ford) were thriving. Wagons wouldn't sell, but automobiles would. McGregor headed for the American city with a conviction that salvation lay in the new industry. The legend is that he first interviewed Henry M. Leland of Cadillac; what we know surely is that he turned to Ford.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.025 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".