Effects of supplementing spring-calving beef cows grazing barley crop residue with canola meal and wheat-based dry distillers grains with solubles on performance, reproductive efficiency, and system cost
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing canola meal and wheat-based dry distillers grains with solubles (wDDGS) on the performance of wintering cows grazing barley straw-chaff. Each year, a 24-ha field was seeded with forage barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Ranger’). The mature crop was swathed and combined to collect straw-chaff crop residue (STCH; 5.7% CP, 51% TDN) in 22 ± 5 kg piles. The field was divided into six 4-ha paddocks. Each year, 60 pregnant Black Angus cows (yr 1: BW = 641.4 ± 10.6 kg, BCS = 2.7 ± 0.1, gestation d = 121 ± 2; yr 2: BW = 685.2 ± 9.1 kg, BCS = 2.6 ± 0.1, gestation d = 108 ± 2) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 replicated (n = 2) supplement treatments: (1) 100% wDDGS (39.2% CP, 78.8% TDN, DM basis); (2) 50% wDDGS plus 50% canola meal (50:50); or (3) 100% canola meal (42.6% CP, 71.5% TDN, DM basis) while winter grazing (49 and 39 d for yr 1 and yr 2, respectively) on STCH piles. The supplementation rate was 0.41% of BW or 2.6 kg/d. Supplementation strategy did not influence (P > 0.05) STCH DMI (11.4 ± 0.55 kg/d), cow BW change (−3.0 ± 1.90 kg), final BCS (2.5 ± 0.02), and subsequent reproductive performance. The results indicate that approximately one quarter (24–28%) of the winter feeding period can be filled by grazing barley STCH residue with supplementation and that canola meal was equal to wDDGS as a supplement for beef cows consuming barley STCH residue.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it