Longitudinal Association Between Low- And High-light Intensity Physical Activity And Cognitive Function In Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) provides benefits for cognitive health among older adults. Recently, there has been a shift from focusing on MVPA to considering the potential benefits of light intensity PA (LPA), because older adults accumulate 3-4 hr/day of LPA. This study investigated the longitudinal association of objectively measured low-light intensity PA (LLPA) and high-light intensity PA (HLPA) with cognitive function in older adults. METHODS: Participants were recruited from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. ActicalTM accelerometers provided estimates of LLPA (50-556 counts/min), HLPA (557-1,064 counts/min), MVPA (>1,065 counts/min), for 4-7 consecutive days. Incidence of cognitive impairment was defined by the Six-Item Screener. Letter fluency, animal fluency, word list learning and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (orientation and recall) were conducted to develop z-scores for domains of executive function and memory. Associations between LPA and cognitive impairment were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. General Linear regression models were used to assess the association between LPA and z-scores of executive function and memory. RESULTS: During 3.3 ± 0.5 years of follow-up, 4,941 participants (70.1 ± 8.6 yr, 54.2% women, 31.7% African American) were included, with 283 incident cases of cognitive impairment. Average time spent in LLPA and HLPA were 167.4±61.1, and 24.0±19.2 min/day, respectively. After adjustments for age, sex, race, education and other health related factors, participants in the highest HLPA quartile (40.9 min/day) had 35% lower risk of cognitive impairment than the lowest quartile (HR: 0.65, 95% C.I.: 0.45-0.94). Quartiles of HLPA were inversely associated with change over time in executive function and memory z-scores (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Higher levels of objectively measured HLPA were independently associated with lower incidence of cognitive impairment, and better maintenance of memory and executive function in older adults. Future PA guidelines may need to be modified to include HLPA in addition to MVPA to sustain cognitive health in older adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".