East Timor: the UN as state
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction The UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was the most ambitious UN peacekeeping operation of its time. The mission was unlike most others in that public administration, rather than security, was the most challenging element of the mandate. Not only was UNTAET charged with the tasks of Chapter VII peacekeeping, civilian policing, and humanitarian assistance, but also the governing of an entire country. Whereas historically the UN had attempted to reform or rebuild state structures with the assistance of previously warring political elites, in this case, the UN had to be the state and the government. The people who had filled the administrative positions in the repressive Indonesian regime for almost a quarter of a century left East Timor en masse just prior to the beginning of UNTAET, and thus the operation functioned with only the legacy, but not the people, of the previous regime. Beginning in October 1999 and lasting almost three years, UNTAET was the sovereign authority in East Timor. The structure of UNTAET included three main pillars: (1) governance and public administration, (2) the UN peacekeeping force, and (3) humanitarian assistance and emergency rehabilitation. When considering the size of the local population (approximately 1 million in a country about the size of the small US state of Connecticut), this was a proportionately enormous operation, including 9,150 military, 1,640 police, 1,670 international civilian staff (including 486 UN Volunteers), and 1,905 local staff.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".