External Work Efficiency On Immersed Ergocycle Vs. Dryland Ergocycle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People with functional limitations due to arthritis and/or musculoskeletal conditions, often cannot achieve a minimum level of effort that allows them to take advantage of the benefits of aerobic exercise. On the other hand, there is a considerable interest to identify the external work efficiency by the close relationship with endurance performance. The arrival of immersible ergocycle (IE) opens new perspectives for the practice of exercise in these populations and could be interesting to use in rehabilitation programs and performance training. Water immersion affect hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses during rest and exercise relative to exercise on dry land at same external power output (Pext). Since VO2 response is lower for a same Pext on IE, this could increase external work efficiency, but this has not been study yet. PURPOSE: To compare the gross external work efficiency (G ηw) and net external work efficiency (N ηw) on IE vs dryland ergocycle (DE) during a maximal incremental test at the same Pext in healthy young subjects METHODS: Thirty healthy participants (age: 33 ± 10 years) performed incremental exercise tests on IE and DE at equal Pext. Exercise on IE began at 40 rpm and was increased by 10 rpm until exhaustion. Exercise on DE began with an initial load of 25 watts (W) and increased by 25 W.min-1 until exhaustion. VO2 and HR were measured with a portable gas analyser (Cosmed, K4b2, Italy) during both incremental tests. The G ηw and N ηw were calculated according to Pext on IE and DE, and then divided by the respective measured metabolic cost (Pmet) obtained by gas exchange. RESULTS: During exercise on IE, VO2 was lower (P < 0.0001) whereas G ηw (e.g., 70 rpm: 19.06 ± 2.26 vs 23.86 ± 5.71) and N ηw (e.g., 70 rpm: 22.76 ± 3.19 vs 30.26 ± 9.35) were respectively higher on IE at all intensities (P<0.001) when compared to DE exercise of equivalent Pext. CONCLUSIONS: G ηw and N ηw were higher during exercise on IE vs DE at the same Pext in healthy young subjects. Exercise water on IE could help people with functional limitations to achieve a minimum level of effort that allows them to take advantage of the benefits of aerobic exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".