[PP.29.07] WORLDWIDE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Abnormal cardio-metabolic risk profile is increasingly of concern in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, the burden and differential contribution, if any, of HIV specific factors, are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in people with HIV, and the variation by HIV severity, treatment, definition criteria and other major predictive characteristics. Design and method: We performed a comprehensive search on major databases for original research articles published between 1998–2015. Pooled prevalence estimates overall and by specific groups and subgroups were computed using random effects models, with variance stabilisation via arc-sine transformations. Results: In all 65 studies across five continents comprising 55094 HIV-infected participants aged 17–73 years (median age 41 years) were included. The overall prevalence of MS according to the following criteria was: ATPIII-2001:16.7% (95%CI: 14.6–18.8), IDF-2005: 18% (14.0–22.4), ATPIII-2004–2005: 24.6% (20.6–28.8), Modified ATPIII-2005: 27.9% (6.7–56.5), JIS-2009: 29.6% (22.9–36.8), and EGIR: 31.3% (26.8–36.0). Within some criteria of MS, the prevalence was significantly higher in women than in men (IDF-2005: 23.2% vs. 13.4, p = 0.030), in ART compared to non-ART users (ATPIII-2001: 18.4% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.001), and significantly varied by time-period of study publication, participants age, severity and diagnosed duration of HIV infection, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) use. Across criteria, there were significant differences in MS prevalence by sub-group categories such as in men, the Americas, older publications, regional studies, younger adults, smokers, ART-naïve participants, NNRTIs users, participants with shorter duration of diagnosed infection and across the spectrum of HIV severity. Substantial heterogeneities across and within criteria were not fully explained by major study characteristics, while evidence of publication bias was marginal. Conclusions: The prevalence of MS in people with HIV is within the range of reports from the general population, highlighting the commonality of drivers of the condition. This emphasises the need for holistic management of the HIV-infected individual with the inclusion of cardio-metabolic assessments. Approaches for screening and mitigating disease risk associated with MS in the general population will likely provide similar benefits in people with HIV.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.459 | 0.153 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".