Weight Loss Partially Restores Glucose-Driven Betatrophin Response in Humans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: Recently a potential role of betatrophin was shown in the postprandial switch from lipid to glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze whether obesity is associated with altered postprandial betatrophin response and whether this could be restored by weight loss. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: Oral glucose load was performed in 12 lean individuals at baseline as well as in 20 obese subjects before and after a 12-week structured weight-loss program at an endocrinology research center. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed in the obese cohort. The effect of insulin and different glucose concentrations on betatrophin expression were analyzed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Circulating betatrophin levels during a glucose challenge were measured. RESULTS: The betatrophin level decreases after an oral glucose intake (P < .001). This correlates with the increase of glucose levels (r = -0.396; P < .05). Hyperinsulinemia results in an increase of betatrophin. In vitro experiments in 3T3-L1 adipocytes confirmed that insulin and low glucose concentration increases betatrophin expression, whereas a further elevation of glucose levels blunts this effect. Obese subjects are characterized by lower fasting betatrophin (600.6 ± 364.4 vs 759.5 ± 197.9 pg/mL; P < .05) and a more pronounced betatrophin suppression during the glucose challenge. The impaired betatrophin response in obese subjects is restored after weight loss and is comparable with lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with increased betatrophin suppression after an oral glucose load, which is driven by increased hyperglycemia. Given the metabolic properties of betatrophin, this may indicate that betatrophin is tightly linked to obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. In line with such an assumption, weight loss almost completely eliminated this phenomenon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".