Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Total and Abdominal Adipose Tissue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Although exercise is an established strategy for reducing obesity, the separate effects of exercise differing in amount and intensity on total and abdominal obesity continues to be the source of uncertainty and debate. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the separate effects of exercise amount (kcal/session) and intensity (% of VO2peak) on total and abdominal adipose tissue (AT) in obese adults. METHODS: Participants were 108 (60% female) sedentary, middle-aged (mean (SD) 52.7 (7.6) years, abdominally obese adults who completed a 24 week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to: Control (n=21), low amount, low intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal/session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of VO2peak, N=25), high amount, low intensity exercise (HALI) (360 and 600 kcal/session for women and men respectively at 50% VO2peak, N=32); high amount, high intensity exercise (HAHI) (360 and 600 kcal/session for women and men, respectively, at 75% of VO2peak, N=30). Participants were asked to perform supervised exercise 5 times/week. MRI was used to measure abdominal and whole body adipose tissue. Unstructured physical activity performed outside of the prescribed exercise was monitored using accelerometers. RESULTS: Exercise duration in minutes was 32 (4.8) for LALI, 58 (6.6) for HALI, and 40 (6.7) for HAHI. There was no change in unstructured physical activity or caloric intake between exercise groups. Reduction in total AT, subcutaneous AT, total abdominal AT, abdominal SAT, lower body AT, weight and waist circumference were greater in all exercise groups compared to control at 24 weeks (p0.05). Reduction in VAT was greater in LALI (-0.5 kg; SE, 0.1; p=0.001), HALI (-0.5 kg; SE, 0.1; p<0.001), and in HAHI (-0.5 kg; SE, 0.1; p0.14. Skeletal muscle did not change at 24 weeks within any exercise group compared to control (p>0.32) CONCLUSION: Substantial reduction in total and abdominal AT with a preservation of skeletal muscle mass was observed independent of exercise amount and intensity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".