Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the early 2000s, Japan had still failed to fully recover from the economic doldrums. Unemployment rates had surpassed the US jobless by 1999 (Porter et al. 2000). In 2003, new business creation remained paltry. A 2003 study, the Gem 2003 Executive Report (2003) indicated that Japan was less entrepreneurial – on a variety of firm and individual level measures – than all of the advanced industrial countries, save Russia. Of the world's forty major economies, most were at three entrepreneurship levels (high, moderate, low) based on measures including new firm start-ups, innovative output, and the like. Highly entrepreneurial countries included Chile, Korea, and New Zealand. Most countries were moderately innovative, such as Canada, Finland, Singapore, the UK, and the USA. The least entrepreneurial countries were France, Japan, and Russia. Japan failed at both individual- and firm-level innovation and entrepreneurship, making it among the least entrepreneurial countries in the world (see figure 4.1 and table 4.1). (See also appendix 1: in the Gem 2003 Executive Report 2003; Porter 1990, 1998; Porter et al. 2000.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".