Regulation of Apo B Production in HepG2 Cells by Citrus Limonoids
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In rabbits, dietary orange juice or grapefruit juice reduced the hypercholesterol-emia associated with elevation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, induced by feeding casein. To determine whether this effect could be partly due to constituent limonoids, the ability of these compounds to lower overall production of apo B (the structural protein of LDL) was tested. Using cultured human liver cells HepG2, fourteen naturally occurring limonoid aglycones and glucosides, a limonoid glucoside mixture isolated from orange molasses, and five synthetic limonoids were evaluated. Limonin and methyl deoxylimonate very effectively reduced the production of medium apo B by HepG2 cells. Nomilin, deoxylimonin and methyl isolimonate reduced moderately, and other limonoids had practically no effect on the production of medium apo B. The apo B-lowering potential of limonin was 30% greater than the apo B-lowering potential of two citrus flavonoids, hesperetin and naringenin. The effects of limonin, hesperetin and naringenin were dose-dependent but limonin, unlike the citrus flavonoids, did not cause decreases in the cellular synthesis of cholesteryl esters. The results suggest that limonin, along with citrus flavonoids, could contribute to cholesterol-lowering action of citrus juices. Limonin might be liberated from its glucoside derivative, limonin 17 -D-glucopyranoside, which is present in high concentrations in citrus juices, by the action of bacteria in digestive tract.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it