Detection of FGFR3 by Immunohistochemistry in Multiple Myeloma Is Highly Predictive of t(4;14) by FISH and Is Associated with CD56 (NCAM1) Expression.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that neural cell adhesion molecule CD56 (NCAM1) is involved in multiple adhesive interactions with several different classes of ligands on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. One of these ligands is fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family. While a direct interaction between CD56 (NCAM1) and FGFR3 is yet to be reported we have speculated that such interaction might exist in myeloma cells with aberrant FGFR3 expression. In order to test this hypothesis we have retrospectively examined the presence of t(4;14) in 127 multiple myeloma samples and its correlation with the presence of deletion 13 by FISH; FGFR3 and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry and CD56 expression as determined by flow cytometry. FISH detected t(4;14) in 32 (25.1%) of 127 MM patient specimens. 71.4% of t(4;14) positive samples were found to have deletion of chromosome 13, in contrast to only 34% in t(4;14) negative samples. Aberrant expression of FGFR3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 14/21 or 66.7% of t(4;14) positive samples. No expression of FGFR3 was detected in 10 t(4;14) negative samples. As expected low Cyclin D1 expression by IHC was detected in t(4;14) positive samples (5/21 or 23.8%). More importantly all samples positive for FGFR3 by IHC were CD56 positive (14/14 or 100%) and in 21/22 (95.5%) of t(4;14) positive in contrast to 62% in t(4;14) samples. Further work is currently being conducted in order to examine the downstream signaling pathways that might be activated as a result of such possible interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".