The Challenge of Climate Change and the Contribution of African Women to Engendering International Environmental Law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
African women played a critical role in placing issues of gender on the global climate change agenda and in increasing the international community’s appreciation of the interrelationship among rights, economic development, and environmental sustainability. A large and growing body of literature examines the challenging consequences that climate change will present for African women. Fewer works explore the agency that African women have shown in facing challenges, finding innovative solutions, and fostering sustainable development. This chapter considers the contributions of Black women and women of African descent to the development of a more inclusive body of international environmental law. First, it explains the projected impacts of climate change with particular reference to the African continent and the challenges climate change presents for African women. The difference gender makes during natural disasters and in the aftermath of extreme weather events for women of the African Diaspora is also discussed. Next, it examines the evolution of the international environmental law of climate change and the increasing inclusion of women’s concerns in recent years. Then it explores how African women’s mobilization has successfully moved the discussion of climate change to now mandate that gender issues enter the mainstream of climate change law and policymaking. It is argued that the activism and adaptive strategies of African women could serve, and women’s human rights should command, greater attention from policymakers in the development and climate arenas. Finally, it concludes with an examination of the ways the activism of African women has served to highlight the importance of appreciating the interrelationship among environmental conservation, human rights, and human security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".