Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthrax is considered a disease of herbivores and caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Animals are known to acquire disease during grazing or browsing while humans generally contract the disease directly or indirectly through improper handling of contaminated animal carcasses or animal products. Ingestion anthrax results from ingestion of B. anthracis contaminated food especially meat from contaminated animal carcasses. B. anthracis forms spores that are very resistant to harsh environmental conditions and these spores pose a public health concern as they can be disseminated among the population through the consumption of accidentally or intentionally contaminated food. The deliberate release of anthrax spores is also documented and since the infamous Amerithrax in 2001, there has been renewed concern in its use as a biological warfare agent and bioterrorism and this poses a public health concern. A number of methods have been developed for the rapid detection of anthrax spores from environmental and food samples to help in making rapid risk-based informed decisions in order to minimize any public health impacts of anthrax outbreaks. Natural disasters such as earthquakes in anthrax endemic areas have resulted in environmental and public health consequences due to increased potential for human exposure to spores. Excessive precipitation or higher than average rainfalls and snow resulting in flooding and followed by hot dry weather conditions in areas with pockets of anthrax can result in increased risk of animal exposure to anthrax spores during grazing. The risk posed to humans in these naturally exposed environments during natural disasters is also exacerbated with consequent public health implications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".