Perceived Synchrony ina Bimodal Display: Optimal Intermodal Delay for Coordinated Auditory and haptic Reproduction.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the range of optimum intermodal delay values for coordinated auditory and haptic reproduction of brief impact events. Indirect psychophysical methods were used to find the intermodal delay that would be most likely to generate the response of perceived synchrony between acoustic and structural vibration components of those events. A recording of a representative impact sound was processed to create bimodal stimuli with varying amounts of intermodal delay between the bimodally reproduced components. The haptic component of the bimodal stimulus was whole-body vibration presented via a platform on which the observer was seated. Using four actuators moving together, users could be displaced linearly upwards or downwards, with a very quick response and with considerable force (the feedbackcorrected linear system frequency response was flat to 50 Hz). The auditory component of the bimodal stimulus was presented in an immersive virtual acoustic environment via a multichannel reproduction of simulated indirect sound. The direct sound component matched to the haptic stimulus was reproduced via a frontally-located pair of loudspeakers that included a low-frequency driver capable of reproducing sound with a linear frequency response ranging from 25 to 300 Hz and a high-frequency driver extending well above 20kHz. The intermodal delay was adaptively varied using a twoalternative, forced-choice (2AFC) procedure to track the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) based upon temporal order judgments with the following response options: 1) haptic sensation seemed to precede auditory sensation; and 2) haptic sensation seemed to follow auditory sensation. Then, in order to avoid sequential response biases in the tracking procedure, a constant stimulus method was used to determine directly the optimal range of intermodal delay values for producing observer responses of intermodal synchrony, with two response options: haptic sensation either seemed to precede or to follow auditory sensation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".