Trans-epithelial transport of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) through the GLUT receptor in a Caco-2 cell line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dietary MRPS represent a diverse class of molecules, and their impact on human health is a matter of debate. A prerequisite for a physiological effect from dietary MRPs is that they are transported across the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a possible mechanism for MRPs transport in a human intestinal cell line (Caco-2). To produce the MRPs, a tripeptide Lys-Pro-Hyp was synthesized and non-enzymatically glycated with glucose. MRPs [Amadori peptide (m/z 519.6) and Nε-fructosyllysine (m/z 309.5)] were characterized by mass spectrometry. Radiolabeled 3H peptide and 14C MRPs were used to demonstrate the trans-epithelial transport. MRPs showed a 2.5-fold greater transport rate compared to the control peptide (Fig.1). Different receptor inhibitors were used to demonstrate a possible trans-epithelial route for MRPs. The inhibition of glucose transporter receptor (GLUT) significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the transport rate of MRPs. Peptide transporter PEPT-1 inhibition showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in MRP transport rate, while SGLT inhibition did not show any significant change. GLUT receptors likely play an important role in trans-epithelial transport of MRPs in the Caco-2 cell system. Figure1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".