Coated Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given its rapid response to fluctuating currents and wide operation range, proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is utmost suitable for generation of hydrogen from renewable power. However, it is still hindered by the high cost of the stack components compared to those used in the alkaline technology. In particular, the titanium bipolar plates (BPP) are an issue and the replacement of this metal by stainless steel is a challenge, due to the highly corrosive environment inside PEM electrolyzer stack. Herein, we coat stainless steel BPPs with 50–60 μm Ti and 1.5 μm Pt coatings by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) and magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD), respectively. The BPPs are evaluated at constant 1 A cm−2 for more than 1000 h. The thermally sprayed Ti coatings fully protect the stainless steel substrate during this period of time, and the Pt surface modification allows achieving a cell performance comparable to the baseline.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".