Complete chloroplast genome sequence of the avocado: gene organization, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships with other Lauraceae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complete chloroplast sequence of the avocado (Persea americana Mill.), a popular tropical fruit tree, was determined in this study. The plastome consists of 152 723 bp, with a typical circular structure including inverted repeats (IRs) 40 104 bp in length separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 93 795 bp and 18 824 bp, respectively. Potential mutation sites, including 61 repeats and 679 simple sequence repeats, were accurately located in the avocado plastome. Compared with the plastomes of five other related Lauraceae, 25 highly variable regions and six micro-inversions were identified, and the contraction event of the IR regions was observed. However, the plastomes of Lauraceae are extremely evolutionarily conservative, with only 0.32% sequence divergence, which is surprisingly low for angiosperms. Further phylogenetic analyses were conducted using eight complete plastomes of Lauraceae and seven barcoding sequences from 23 Persea species. These data support a close relationship between the genera Persea and Machilus and suggest that Persea is polyphyletic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".