<i>Insurgent Democracy: The Nonpartisan League in North American Politics.</i> By Michael J. Lansing.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although grounded in traditions of producer cooperatives and third-party insurgency, the Nonpartisan League (NPL) was neither but rather a novel political organization that promoted state ownership of banks, wheat elevators and mills, and other institutions. At its peak around 1920 the League had over 250,000 dues-paying members, mainly in North Dakota and nearby states, plus Saskatchewan and Alberta. Although much of its leadership came from the Socialist Party, Michael J. Lansing demonstrates that the League’s goal was to create a “proprietary capitalism” to compete with giant firms in the marketplace on behalf of wheat farmers (p. 24). In 1916 and 1918, utilizing a new open primary law in North Dakota, League voters won control of state government and enacted a program designed to counterbalance the power of corporate interests. The Upper Midwest had a history of agrarian organizing, and when the NPL began recruiting angry North Dakota farmers for nonpartisan political action, it did so largely through cooperative associations such as the American Society of Equity, appealing to farmers based on their “shared self-interest in the wheat economy” (p. 44). Its mobilizing techniques also drew from modern salesmanship. Like traveling salesmen, its organizers were paid on commission—a cut of membership fees collected. Such arrangements were not new, but the NPL also provided organizers with inexpensive Model-T Fords and directed their work through a modern managerial structure, creating “a literally Fordist form of populism” (p. 75).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it