Bibliographic record
Abstract
In his famous treatise On Assistance to the Poor (De Subventione Pauperum) , printed in Bruges in 1526, Juan Luis Vives waxed indignant over the sick poor who risked infecting others by begging in public places. ‘What sort of situation is this,’ he asked, ‘when in every church — especially at the solemn and most heavily attended feasts — one is obliged to enter into the church proper between two rows of the sick, the vomiting, the ulcerous, the diseased with ills whose names are unmentionable …?’ What was more, the presence of the sick was a risk to the young, the old and pregnant women, ‘especially since ulcers of this sort are not only forced upon the eyes but upon the nose as well, the mouth, and almost on the hands and body as they pass through. How shameless such begging!’1 Vives’ words resonated with particular force because an outbreak of a highly contagious illness, the so-called ‘French pox’, had erupted across Europe only three decades earlier, bringing with it severe pain and swollen pustules that terrified people who encountered the infected. When city officials confronted such crises, Vives believed, they should act ‘in the same manner as the medical profession who cannot eradicate diseases completely from the population but bend every effort to cure them’.2 City councils and urban residents across Europe shared these concerns, especially since the sixteenth century was a period of growing urban poverty as well as a tumultuous era of epidemic outbreaks. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".