The Performance of First Transpired Solar Collector Installation in Turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2014, Turkey consumed 12 billion cubic meters of natural gas for space heating which accounts 26 percent of general natural gas consumption. Using several technologies to collect solar heat is one of the solutions to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Among these technologies are transpired solar collectors, which are relatively new solar energy technology in Turkish energy market despite its wide and effective use in North America and Europe over the past 30 years to save energy in buildings by heating ventilation air using solar energy. In 2012, the first transpired solar collector on an industrial building was installed in Turkey, Cayirova. The installation on the south facing wall of PIMSA manufacturing building is a total of 770 m2 with six large associated air handling units. This paper presents a review of the performance of the first transpired solar collector in Turkey. The energy drawn from solar collector and delivered to the building each month over the period of two years is monitored and analyzed. Results cover monitoring for the period of February 2013 - April 2013 and January 2014 - March 2014, when the transpired solar collector was operating. The monitoring system includes twenty-four thermocouples embedded in transpired solar collector with connected air handling units, two in the building, two outside on the wall and twenty-four automatic damper controllers all connected to a building management system. It has shown that transpired solar collector provides a significant amount of the heating required by the building. Heat outputs from transpired solar collector installation are also compared with the simulation outcomes of Retscreen solar air heating analysis software developed by the Canadian government.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".