Bibliographic record
Abstract
It took a full week after London declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 for the governments of all of the old dominions to decide to stand by Britain. In Australia and New Zealand there was no hesitation. Australia simply accepted that it was bound by the British declaration, just as it had been in 1914. New Zealand made its own declaration, but with so little hesitation that, because of the time difference, it actually became a belligerent before Britain. Prime Minister Savage of New Zealand summed up antipodean loyalty to the UK: ‘Where she goes we go. Where she stands we stand.’ In Ottawa, Prime Minister Mackenzie King insisted on consulting parliament, but support for Britain was so overwhelming that Canada declared war without a formal vote. In South Africa there was heated debate. Prime Minister Hertzog proposed neutrality, but Jan Smuts, the deputy prime minister, was able to build an alliance favouring involvement. The dominions’ declarations of war brought relief and satisfaction in London. Since the Chanak crisis of 1922, when it had become clear that Britain could no longer count on military aid from the dominions, the Commonwealth had been a moribund force in international politics. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".