‘An Infant Sister Church, in Great Distress, Amidst a Great Wilderness’: American Presbyterian Fundraising in Ireland, 1752–63
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The clearing of French privateers from north Atlantic shipping lanes from 1760 ensured the resumption of trade and seasonal traffic between the mother country and the American colonies. It also presented American institutions and charities with the possibility of securing investment after being cut off from metropolitan patronage during five long years of war. These cash-strapped organizations sent emissaries across the ocean as soon as possible in order to capitalize on the perceived public goodwill and imperial enthusiasm generated by the war and the conquest of Canada. Throughout the early 1760s a legion of colonial agents scrambled into Britain, competing among themselves in the race to obtain patronage and support from what they perceived to be a fickle public in a game of diminishing returns. Often these agents made the short trip across the Irish Sea in their quest for funding. At least six such campaigns visited Ireland in the 1750s and 1760s, four of which toured Ulster. Five of these missions were for the benefit of seminaries and colleges, including the College of New Jersey (later Princeton, 1754), the College and Academy of Philadelphia (later the University of Pennsylvania, 1763), King’s College New York (later Columbia, 1763), Wheelock’s Indian School (later Dartmouth College, 1767) and the Baptist College of Rhode Island (later Brown University, 1767).1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".