Approaches to Soil Remediation with Green Procedures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At elevated temperature, a reactor column (25 x1 cm) of zero-valent metal (or bimetallic mixture) mediated efficient dechlorinations so that 20-30 mg/min of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) or pentachlorophenol (PCP) was converted to biphenyl or to phenol respectively. The one other principal product was chloride that accumulated on the metal surfaces. The hydroxylic solvent used to dissolve the substrate must have represented the hydrogen source for the reaction. GC-MS monitoring of the effluent indicated ~99% dechlorination. Moreover, sequential 10-30 minute fractions of reactor effluent collected during 14h, indicated that the reaction was efficient and repeatable provided that the column was washed with 30 mL methanol/water at 2.5-3 h intervals. For soil cleaning, a 3% (v/v) surfactant emulsion mobilized PCBs with procedures designed to mimic either ex-situ washing or in-situ flushing. The mobilized PCBs were then recovered from the emulsion by back-extraction into scCO 2 and dechlorinated on-line . The principle shortcoming of the overall processing was that an appreciable fraction of the surfactant was lost to the scCO 2 during back-extraction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".