The Relationship Between Governments and Independent Regulatory Agencies: Will We Ever Get it Right?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the relationship that exists between governments and independent regulatory agencies. The article begins by reviewing this relationship within the context of the Usage Based Billing (UBB) debate that began after the Federal government, in opposition to a ruling by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), ordered the CRTC to go back and review its decision. After discussing the various arguments in favour of and against UBB, and discussing the policy concerns that exist with respect to government intervention in regulatory decisions, the article then provides a suggestion as to what should have occurred during the UBB debate. Next, the article looks at energy regulation at the provincial level, using Alberta and British Columbia as case studies. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion on potential regulatory structural reforms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.035 | 0.059 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.075 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.025 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.020 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".