Inferring shear-velocity structure of the upper 200 m using cultural ambient noise at the Ngatamariki geothermal field, Central North Island, New Zealand
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We have determined subsurface structure using the refraction microtremor (ReMi) method at the Ngatamariki geothermal field, Central North Island, New Zealand. The local geology is such that refraction and reflection studies are hindered by energy scattering and attenuation in the near-surface layers. The ReMi method uses surface waves from ambient noise and active sources to determine S-wave velocities in the shallow subsurface. We have deployed two lines of 72-channel, 10 Hz vertical geophones with 10 m spacing, and we were able to model near-surface S-wave velocity to depths of 57–93 m for 2D profiles and as much as 165 m for 1D profiles. Shear-velocity anomalies were detected on one line that were spatially correlated with a fault. The location of the fault was previously inferred from stratigraphic offset in the geothermal wells, suggesting that the ReMi method can provide important constraints on near-surface geology in noisy geothermal settings.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it