Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous research has uncovered various contextual and social cues that children may use to infer speakers' communicative intentions (e.g. joint visual attention, pointing). We review evidence from eye-tracking studies that suggests that by 2;6 years of age, children use another previously unexplored cue to infer speakers' communicative intentions: speech disfluencies. Disfluencies (e.g. “uh” and “um”) often occur before unfamiliar, infrequent, and discourse-new words. Thus, disfluencies provide information about a speaker's intended referent. Further children use the presence of a disfluency before an object label to anticipate a novel, discourse-new referent. These results demonstrate that children go beyond their input, acquiring the generalization that disfluencies precede not just specific words, but rather categories of words that are difficult to produce. Keywords: Language acquisition; speech disfluencies; lexical development; eye-tracking; attention
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.114 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it