Temperature-Responsive Films of Amphiphilic Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamides) of Various Architectures at the Air-Water Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surface behavior of hydrophobically modified poly( N -isopropylacrylamides) (HM-PNIPAM) was studied by the Langmuir film balance technique in order to explore the role of polymer architecture on the formation and stability of polymeric monolayers. The polymers had similar molecular weight (M n ~ 15 kDa) and narrow polydispersity (M w /M n < 1.1) and belonged to two general families: (i) graft-PNIPAM derivatives carrying 10 mol% of either n -dodecyl chains or fluorinated n -octyl chains randomly distributed along the polymer backbone and (ii) end-functionalized PNIPAM derivatives bearing one or two terminal n -octadecyl chains. Surface pressure (π)-surface area (A) isotherms were recorded during compression and expansion of polymer monolayers on an aqueous subphase kept at 12 or 20 °C. We observed that hydrophobic modification stabilizes the PNIPAM monolayers formed at the air/water interface, and that telechelic PNIPAM forms the most robust monolayers. Polymeric monolayers formed at 12 °C are less stable than those constructed at 20 °C, reflecting the increased solubility of PNIPAM in cold water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".