Violence and the role of drama in the late Tolstoy: <i>The Realm of Darkness</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NIKITA […] My dear Pa, you also forgive me, a sinner! Yuh told me at the beginnin' when I started this whorin' nasty life, yuh told me: “If a claw gets stuck, the bird is lost.” I didn't listen t'yer words, no good dog that I am, an' it turned out like yuh said. Forgive me, for God's sake. (90; PSS 26: 242) The Realm of Darkness: If a Claw Gets Stuck, the Bird is Lost Tolstoy's plays have gone relatively unstudied by scholars. Unlike his fiction, his plays do not so thoroughly engage in psychological analysis and introspection. In cases of sinful, violent behavior, however, sometimes reason and rationalization cannot explain why a character acts the way he or she does, and thus the stage is an ideal forum for conveying an aesthetic and moral idea. The preeminent example, and one of Tolstoy's most successful plays, is The Realm of Darkness: If a Claw Gets Stuck, the Bird is Lost (1886). The purpose of this chapter is to illuminate the aesthetic context for Tolstoy's depiction of violence in The Realm of Darkness , a work that exemplifies many of the artistic goals Tolstoy had for his fiction in the latter part of his career. Three critical points of view may be assumed for viewing the less significant work of a major author, in this case the plays of Tolstoy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".