Clinical Presentation of Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Up to 40% of all individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are estimated to experience anxiety that interferes with daily functioning. This article describes research regarding the presentation of anxiety in PD and the influence anxiety has on participation in this population. A scoping review identified 1,635 articles, of which 49 met the inclusion criteria. This review identified that anxiety in PD is often associated with a range of clinical correlates related to demographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, disease stage, duration, progression), motor symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia, dystonia, freezing of gait, symptom severity), treatment-related complications (on/off fluctuations, on with dyskinesia, unpredictable off), and non-motor symptoms (sleep abnormalities, fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression). These findings can be used to increase clinicians' awareness toward the specific clinical correlates linked to anxiety in PD so that mental health concerns can be detected and addressed more readily in practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".