Effect of Annealing on Morphological and Functional Properties of Pakistani White Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Starch
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of annealing on the morphological and functional properties of starch isolated from white sorghum grains. Scanning electron micrographs of native white sorghum starch (NWSS) revealed the presence of spherical and polygonal shaped granules with random distribution of surface pores. The diameter of surface pores ranged between 213-275 nm in NWSS. The size of small and large granules in NWSS ranged between 5-7 µm and 11-21 µm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the size and shape of NWSS and annealed white sorghum starch (AWSS) granules. However, the diameter of surface pores doubled after annealing. The AWSS showed reduced swelling power, solubility and water binding capacity. Pasting temperature increased from 73.4°C in NWSS to 75.8°C in AWSS. The pasting profile of annealed starches showed reduction in peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, cold paste viscosity and set back viscosity. Paste clarity improved on annealing while, the extent of reduction in percent transmittance after 72 hours of storage was higher for NWSS suggesting use of annealed starch in high clarity products.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it