Red blood cell and white blood cell counts in sandpipers (<i>Philomachus pugnax</i>, <i>Calidris canutus</i>): effects of captivity, season, nutritional status, and frequent bleedings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Captive ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) and red knots (Calidris canutus) kept in small flocks in outdoor aviaries maintained body mass and plumage cycles resembling those of free-living conspecifics. The persistence of identifiable annual cycles enabled us to study variability in two blood parameters, one a measure of red blood cell count (hematocrit) and the other an index of white blood cell (WBC) abundance (percentage). In both species hematocrit values averaged 0.43, somewhat lower than those measured in free-living red knots. Hematocrit varied little with time of year and we were unable to convincingly confirm predicted elevated hematocrit levels during periods of storage of fat for migration. In both species the percentage of WBCs (percent WBCs) initially declined from 0.6 to 0.8%; levels stabilized at 0.4% in ruffs and 0.3% in red knots after half a year in captivity. Using observations of the same individual red knots in the years before and after the experimental year as controls, biweekly extraction of about 30% of blood volume did not negatively affect seasonal changes in body mass and moult and breeding-plumage cycles. In nutritionally stressed red knots, hematocrit levels were low, and in these birds only, the small wounds inflicted by bleeding healed with difficulty.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".