Promoting Exercise for Kids and Teens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With high rates of physical inactivity and obesity, children and youth are growing up in a culture that emphasizes exercise as a means to prevent or treat obesity. However, exercise interventions with youth have yielded poor success in reducing obesity. In addition, weight-based stigma has increased in frequency and intensity over the last few decades. There is evidence to suggest that youth may avoid exercise in many physical activity settings if they feel self-conscious or if they experience weight-based teasing, which can further reduce exercise participation. An individualized exercise program and support from fitness trainers might be instrumental in promoting exercise in self-conscious youth, such as those living with obesity, but little research has examined the physiological and psychosocial effects of different modalities of exercise in this population. PURPOSE: 1. To determine the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on body weight and composition. 2. To determine factors associated with adherence in this trial METHODS: 304 inactive postpubertal adolescents with obesity were randomized to 6-month of aerobic exercise training, resistance exercise training, combined exercise training or a non-exercise control. Physiological (body weight, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, aerobic and musculoskeletal fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors) and psychosocial (body image, self-esteem, mood and eating behaviors) outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 6-months (post-intervention). RESULTS: Despite no changes in body weight and BMI, participants in the combined training group reduced percent body fat, improved fitness, body image and mood. The only significant predictors of low exercise adherence were body image, depressed and confused mood. CONCLUSION: The largest exercise intervention in adolescents with obesity showed that participation in a structured exercise program confers health benefits without changes in body weight. During the critical period of adolescence, exercise should be promoted for overall health and wellbeing without focusing on body weight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".