Cardiac and Thermal Strain of Elderly Adults Exposed to Extreme Heat and Humidity With and Without Electric Fan Use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cardiac and Thermal Strain of Elderly Adults Exposed to Extreme Heat and Humidity With and Without Electric Fan UseHeat-related morbidity and mortality are important health challenges posed by global climate change. 1 Electric fans provide a low-cost and accessible cooling intervention, although their effectiveness remains debatable.Due to theoretical risks of accelerated heat gain and dehydration, fan use is discouraged above ambient temperatures of approximately 35°C. 2 However, empirical data to support or refute their use during heat wave conditions are sparse.3 Fan use delays elevations in heart rate and core temperature of young adults exposed to 42°C. 4 However, it remains unknown if fans are effective in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly who display altered cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during heat exposure.5 We hypothesized that fan use would delay elevations in heart rate and core temperature of elderly adults exposed to extreme heat and humidity. Core Temperature No Fan FanA, The critical humidity at which rapid elevations in heart rate and core temperature occurred was evaluated in elderly adults exposed to stepwise increases in relative humidity while resting at 42°C.The protocol was performed without and with fan use.B, Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.The horizontal line indicates the mean.The inflection points for heart rate (P = .68)and core temperature (P = .11)did not differ between conditions.jama.com
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".