Oxidative desulphurization of model fuel by in situ produced hydrogen peroxide on palladium/active carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Thiophenic compounds are considered one of the major obstacles in deep desulphurization of transportation gasoil. In this paper, a single‐stage reactor, in which the induction of hydrogen peroxide, oxidation of thiophenes, and adsorption of sulphones from model fuel was demonstrated in one single step at mild temperatures. In our proposed mechanism, the removal of thiophenes from model fuel undergoes three stages: 2‐propanol dehydrogenation and in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide, oxidative desulphurization, and the adsorption of sulphones on active carbon. Palladium/active carbon (Pd/C) was not only used to catalyze the production of hydrogen peroxide, but also guarantees efficiency in the adsorption of sulphones from the oil phase and aqueous phase owing to its large specific surface area and pore volume. Thus, the goal to get ultra‐low sulphur fuel was well achieved under optimal conditions after almost all the sulphones had entered into the pores of active carbon and stayed in the adsorbent. Accumulation of sulphur in active carbon inhibits further desulphurization operation. Washing with excessive anhydrous ethanol, the efficiency of Pd/C was almost fully recovered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".