Effect of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Deposition on Electrochemical Cycling-Induced Graphite Damage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Graphite electrode surfaces were treated with aqueous solutions containing 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt.% Li2CO3 (~1-2 microns). Li2CO3 deposits had positive effect on reducing graphite surface damage during cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. Tests conducted at a scan rate of 2 mV s-1 revealed that only 14% of graphite surface exhibited damage features (cavities) when the surface had a high concentration (1.00 wt.%) of pre-deposited Li2CO3, compared to 20% damage on untreated graphite. A composite layer consisting of the solid electrolyte components and the pre-deposited Li2CO3 was formed during electrochemical cycling which controlled solvent and Li+ diffusion. While the extent of damage was decreased, a reduction in Li+ diffusion at high Li2CO3 concentrations also occurred. With 0.50 wt.% Li2CO3 deposited on graphite surface, a high current density was observed within the electrodes indicating enhanced diffusion of Li+ compared to untreated electrodes. However, this low concentration was unable to reduce graphite damage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".